Number of Pharaonic dynasties

The rule of the Pharaohs Egypt more than 3000 years
Department Maniton this period to 31 families, and family are the limits of the rulers who ruled from the same era began Azhar prehistoric and early dynastic period, which includes first and second families
Then the old state, a period in which built the ancient Egyptians Alahermat and after this era was the country's deterioration and collapse then Bdoasr new is the Middle Kingdom and includes two families 11 and 12 and the restored unity of the country then began the era of the Second Intermediate includes dynasties from 13 to 17, then began the era of their best times Pharaonic the era of the modern state, which has taken the country (good) the principal capital for them and enjoy this age of broadening of military and extension of the military annexation of dynastic 18-19 -20 and then the era of transition III and includes the dynasties from 21 to 25 after the Late Period and includes dynastic period of 26 to 31

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Nile and its impact in the lives of the Pharaohs

We have known for Egypt Nile River is the key to civilization and the ancient pharaohs of this great river extends from southern Egypt to the north where the line between Western Sahara and Eastern
Long live the Pharaohs on the banks of the River Nile and built their homes beside him and benefited from the date of the Nile River Nile also enjoyed flights in their spare time

Considered the Pharaohs of the Nile the source of life appointed him god and Mtloh a man full of body and they called the god (Hapi) and although this was in Musdralahian source of concern and intimidate them in periods of dry and what settled the Egyptian next to him was based on agriculture in the style of its own food after it had been based on the high plateaux I learned Pharaohs agriculture and grazing and livestock

And when comes the flood they do to build bridges and building canals Lri farmland were predicting his coming as groups established standards of the Nile to measure the height of rivers where the measure is a Birtojd on the walls lines determine the height of the water it was these standards under the protection of the state itself was based on these standards workers who declare high amount of water
The impact on the lives of the Nile River to Egypt they shot our ancestors hieroglyphic word (KMT) and the meaning of the earth sign of the black mud of the Nile and the ancient Egyptians loved so much Vgnoa his songs and set up a holiday festival such as the fulfillment of the Nile

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Senefru

Senefru
(In English: Sneferu, and he called the ancient Greeks: Souris), the founder and father of the fourth dynasty Pharaoh Cheops the famous builder of the Great Pyramid. Rule from about 2613 BC. M. Until 2589 BC. M. And named "Snfr" means: "Beauty Maker."
Bent married Anپ of guards, which is believed she was the daughter of Pharaoh before, Honey. Hama and perhaps also his father, according to some theorists. According to the theory that the Honey fathered Anپ guard by the wife of ownership, while the Bent of the ongoing fathered. Therefore marriage was Bent is permissible to the throne.
And called him the title (Enhanced beloved King) because he ruled Egypt in the 24-year justice and peace ...
Most probably, the transition of power from the fourth family had a peaceful transition, has married Bent (son of King Hona wife subset of) her right to inherit the throne. And the foundations of the Fourth Dynasty. Which was confirmed by literary sources, as mentioned a literary texts in the Middle Kingdom: "After the King died Hona Monument King Snefru as a virtuous king in this entire world." Who is the King Snefru? Bent is an acronym of "Ptah Snfroe", ie "Petah Jmlna." Bent was sentenced According to the 26-year history of Manetho, The Turin Papyrus 24 years and know a lot about the Bent News from Palermo stone during which he established a large number of palaces and temples. That the queen, "Mrs. - Ankh" is the mother of Sneferu, and is likely it was one of the wives of King Hona high schools, and Bent deserved to inherit the throne through his marriage to Princess "Hotep - Guard" daughter Hona which carried the title "Daughter of God" and that their marriage was before the death of Hona last the kings of the Third Dynasty. That combine strength and compassion, sentenced and led his country and his people to a better life Azllaha security and peace, as the economy rebounded in his thanks to the encouragement for the establishment of brands with Phoenicia and the best use of resources in his country. Send a naval fleet consisted of forty ships to bring the timber of rice, "pine" from the port of Byblos, Lebanon - According to the Palermo stone - a timber made and inquired of them the doors and some internal parts of the Pyramids of the king. Palermo Stone also said news of the construction of each ship sixtieth sixteen Magdava. Military activity of King Sneferu interested in securing the borders, so the campaign to Nubia to restore security and tranquility to the southern borders of Egypt. And mentioned the campaign on the second side of the Palermo stone, it is clear to us through the numbers over the resistance encountered by the King Sneferu there. He returned with his army of 7,000 domestic and 200 thousand head of oxen and sheep, He was King Snefru name "Nhcio", ie, Sudanese, and was intended to label all the tribes inhabiting the south of the border of Egypt. Send campaigns disciplinary Sinai Bedouins, who were raiding the mines turquoise, copper, and convoys of merchants, was found on the inscription to him on the rocks of mountain cave, representing King Sneferu, a discipline of prisoners, and deserved to glorify God, the protector of the region in addition to gods Hathor and supped. He sent another campaign to Libya, which came to 11 thousand prisoners and 13 thousand head of oxen and sheep. Administrative organization in the reign of Sneferu has introduced a function that the Minister appeared for the first time in his reign. There is no stronger evidence of the presence of representatives of the regions of the Egyptian inscriptions on the walls of the valley Bdhishor Temple, the oldest regions of the Egyptian inscription was found. Organization and management of work in the construction of the pyramid of King in the same place, this monumental work in which he used how many stones were estimated at about 3,842,000 cubic meters of limestone, while the estimated stones used by King Cheops in building the Great Pyramid at about 2,500,000 cubic meters. The aim of the comparison is to know the effectiveness of the organization Aladaraa supervisor of the workflow. Top of the granite may be the king Snefru is currently kept at the Museum of Brooklyn, a height of 61 cm. Chronicling the head of the late Third Dynasty and the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty, and are similar to these features in terms of the nose broad, lips thick and fullness face with the features of Bent at the top of the other of the Statue of Ahadjralgira discovered at Dahshur South and note the design of the crown on the head of King to cover the forehead of the king and tends opinion of the rate of either of Khufu Bent or two more kings of the Fourth Dynasty Talleha where each of them taking the title of "prose Aa" any great idol. Statue of limestone of King Sneferu is preserved now in the Egyptian Museum found Dr. Ahmed Fakhry in Nis Temple Valley Special Behrmh in Dahshur South, and he attributes the scientists of King Sneferu, and special features in terms of the lips Algleztin and full face and the nose broad and the design of the white crown above the head to cover most of the forehead, and we note that the statue afflicted damage in the chest area and extremities

 
Most important work
Sent a huge fleet to Phoenicia to import cedar wood is rare for the lack of good timber in Egypt, has also worked to secure the borders of Egypt and South West of enemies. Built to the same three pyramids: the first Meidum pyramid, which is a transitional stage between the pyramid and the pyramid real, then the two pyramids Bdhishor Pyramid and Red Pyramid italics. It is also concerned with the extraction of minerals such as copper and turquoise from the Sinai. His reign was characterized by stability and justice
 

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Narmer

Narmer

Or Narmer Narmer of Upper Egypt "at the" King of the Kingdom of the South Upper Egypt united "kingdom of the South" and Lower Egypt "Kingdom of the North" in the thirty-second century BC, Pharaoh and founder of the family first. It is believed that behind the King Srki, the last king of pre-dynastic period. It is believed that many scientists Srki Narmer is the same. Panel famous Narmer, discovered in 1898 in Harakounپolas, shows Narmer of Upper Egypt, carrying logos (front) and Lower Egypt (Delta), which reinforced the theory that he unified the two kingdoms. Traditionally attributed this achievement to the king Mena, and remember what this list next to Manetho being the first kings of the Pharaohs. Some scientists believe that Mena and Narmer are the same person, while other scientists believe that the enamel is the brother of Horus, and that he inherited the rule of Egypt by Narmer by him alone. Other scientists believe that the Narmer begin the process of standardization and either failed or succeeded in part; leaving Mina to complete the task. There is another theory which is equal to the probability that directly followed by King Narmer who united Egypt (which was probably Scorpion King, who found his name on the mace in Harakounپolas), and then took the same symbols of unification of two parts that were used before for a generation. It should be noted that while there was a lot of concrete evidence of a pharaoh named Narmer, there is no evidence except the list of Manetho and the myth of the existence of King Mena. List of kings of newly discovered tombs in the den and lays remember Narmer as the founder of the royal family.

Represents the name Narmer audio hieroglyphic symbols "bot" any catfish and "over" any hammer (or Qadom). These symbols can also pronounced as follows: "Narmarw" or "Mrunar", but the custom was to be pronounced "Narmer". The name means: Angry catfish.

His wife thought it was a Enait Hotپ, and was a princess of Lower Egypt. It was found in the tombs of her immediate successors of Narmer and Aha Poplar Ledger, which leads to believe that she was a mother or wife Poplar Aha.

It is believed that the tomb was made up of two rooms connected by (B17 and B18) and in the very area or Alqab at Abydos.

Important Note: For Male translation for the name of Narmer you can not scientists the ancient Egyptian language yet know the name of Narmer may likely I name means catfish angry, but I left out the name of the king was able to reunite the two countries Btzmat himself by that name instead of Tlguib himself king of Egypt, the lower and upper
  

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Akhenaten

Akhenaten

Akhenaton (Akhenaten, Ikhnaton) or Amenhotep IV is the tenth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty ruled with his wife Nefertiti Home for 17 years ago in 1369 BC. M. (Died 1336 BC or 1334 BC), a word meaning Akhenaten (the Savior of the Aten).

 

The rule of Akhenaten

Tried to unite the gods of ancient Egypt, including the god Amun-Re in the form of one god, Aten, although there are doubts about the extent of his success in this, and moved the capital from Thebes to his new capital Akhetaten, queens, and showing the art realistic, especially in sculpture and painting, as in the tomb of Ra Moses and the back of Literature features a new anthem for the new god Aten, or what is now Tel el-Amarna system.
, Has been busy King Akhenaten Baslahath religious and went on foreign policy and management empire extended until the upper Euphrates and Nubia in the south, severing the Asian part of them, and when he died, his successor Smonkh Ka Ra and his brother, Tutankhamun, who rebounded from the doctrine of Aton and left the capital to Thebes and announced the return of the doctrine of Amun, declaring that Tut Tutankhamun, the demolition of the effects of the priests of Thebes Akhenaten and his city, and hinted his name from it.
There are many theories about the fate of Akhenaten, but there is no conclusive evidence on what happened to him after years of moving to his new capital.
The continued search for the tomb of King Akhenaten has found the first tomb in the Valley of the Kings in the 19th century and in the twentieth century without reaching a firm conclusion, so I started studies by the Supreme Council of Antiquities and the University of Cairo on the mummies, as announced in February 2010 that the group had discovered through the analysis DNA analysis of genes that «the mummy in tomb 55 in the Valley of the Kings is the mummy of the father of King Golden King Tutankhamun, it was believed that the mummy belonged to a man who died between the ages of 20 and 25 years, but it turned out the result of research that he had died between the ages of 45 and 50 years, a the son of Amenhotep III and Queen T, which indicates that he himself Akhenaten

 

Assets of Akhenaten

Akhenaten was the younger son of King Amenhotep III of the Queen T, which was the great favorite of the wife of Amenhotep III, was not destined to be Akhenaten Crown until the death of his older brother Thutmose.

Extended the reign of King Amenhotep III for about 38 years, died after leaving the throne to his son Omnhotپ fourth and probably after the reign of a joint (coregency) lasted between 1 to 2 or 12 years, where it is believed that he took part of his father in power at the age of sixteen, [2], is believed to the reign of Akhenaten, is of 1353 BC --1 336 BC or 1351 BC --1 334 BC.

There are a lot of controversy about whether Amenhotep IV took the throne after the death of his father, Amenhotep III, or whether there is a rule of common Similarly, although it is accepted that Akhenaten himself died in year 17 of his reign, and there are a lot of controversy about whether Smonkh Ka Ra Akhenaten took part in the government perhaps 2 or 3 years earlier, after Akhenaten, the pharaoh Smonkh Ka Ra only Pharaoh, it is likely that ruled Egypt for less than one year.

 

New capital

Try to Akhenaten when he took the throne of the country's unification of the gods of ancient Egypt, including the god Amun-Re in the form of worship of the sun god alone, and the symbol of his Baqrsa which he called Aten, he said of his idol (that one is not a partner), and in the fourth year of his reign chose Akhenaten, the site of his new capital, and began to build in the following year, he named it Akhetaten, the horizon of any furnace, and its current location is Tel el-Amarna . He played the king and his beautiful wife Nefertiti, the role of mediator, between God Aten and the people. 

 

Akhenaten's wives

Nefertiti is the wife of Akhenaten property has married her at the beginning of his reign, and whom he had six daughters and probably knew two of his children the children of another wife Kia.

     Kia, the wife of Akhenaten and secondary Taken likely it is the mother of Tutankhamun (1332 - 1322 BC. M.).

And daughters of Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti were:

     Meritaten Meritaten, his eldest daughter at the end of his reign, and were more likely it's got this title because of her marriage to Smancara.
     Mikitaton his son Akhenaten, the second and the reason for this assumption is because of the death of Mikitaton reproduction in the fourth year of the reign of Akhenaten.
     Ankh Aten پa age daughter, which has become the third wife of Tutankhamun later.

 

     

 

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King Khafre

King Khafre

King fourth in the Fourth Dynasty, he married Princess (berths Ankh) The third rule of six historians that

And twenty years

Attributed to him the second pyramid of Giza pyramids, which is less, up from the pyramid of his father the king (Cheops)

Was originally a height of one hundred and forty-three and a half meters and is now one hundred and thirty-six and a half meters

Built on an area of ​​two hundred and fifteen Mtramrava and a half square meter and the pyramid has two entrances in

The northern side

And still retains a portion of the pyramid at the top Xah found in the temple of the valley on his collection hierarchy

Statues of stone schist

Including the statue is one of the most beautiful produced by Egyptian sculpture is located in the Egyptian Museum

The mother is the queen of King Khafre (Merritt Lights)

(Statue of Queen Mert laities)

It was also the wife of the king Khovowistdl Bzllk of hieroglyphic inscription on the throne

(Deceased son of King Jdfra of his body and mother of Khufu Khafre and the wife of Mr. earths)

Pyramid of Khafre

The design and construction engineer supervised the Egyptian prince (Ankh quilt)

(Picture of the Statue of Prince Ankh quilt in the Museum of Boston)

  

Khafre Pyramid is located Jnoaa of the pyramid of King Khafre, Khufu built his pyramid of a new type of limestone bricks

But lower quality than those built by the Great Pyramid was covered with a layer of lime, which eroded by

Weather was left of them non-layer located on the top of the pyramid of Khafre Pyramid of the beholder at first sight

Believed to be the largest of the pyramid of Cheops and because it was built above the high of about ten meters above the ground with a

Height of the pyramid of Khafre 143.5 meters and the length of each rib 215.5 53.10 Mtrauzawah inclination, is located in the level of surface

Alerdoualemdkhal corridor leads to the downside, the roof of the granite and the angle of decline 22, ends at the barricade

Him to go into a horizontal corridor, then corridor slope leading to compartment called the burial chamber is empty

Carved in the rock, the corridor continues to find another barricade rises to the top of a horizontal corridor ends

Burial chamber and the chamber roof Jmalone constructed limestone, and almost the middle of the pyramid,

Launched the Khafre pyramid on the name (the Great).

Pyramid of King Khafre
The Al-Ahram hails usually within a group of several funeral establishments. The wall pays tribute to the ocean usually
Of brick and embraces the whole group.
The Valley Temple is the main entrance to a yard reception for the king of the neighborhood when attending
To lose business, as it was performed by the funeral rites for the deceased king; and perhaps also being his mummification.
The road was rising up the valley temple and the mortuary temple, the roof was open in this way
Hierarchical groups, early and was often covered in subsequent times by the roof of a rectangular slot
In the middle let in little light.
The outcome of the religious rites of the deceased king performed in the temple and funerary chapels religious; before
To convey his body to the tomb inside the pyramid.
Has allocated holes in the ground to include boats that were used to transport the body the Royal
The funeral furniture; after that lifted and stacked inside the drill, for use by the king in the hereafter - and roaming
In the world of the dead: or accompanied the sun god.
The king was buried pyramid of the deceased - any cemetery property; either inside or underneath it.
The pyramid was commends the cemetery or monument of ownership, and did not have any other use

Valley Temple of King Khafre on the edge of the valley near the village of bad fat, and faces the east, where
No port is connected to the port. The Valley Temple is the most buildings the group complete funeral of King,
With the exception of the roof.
Entrances to the temple doors were closed large, believed to be of cedar wood, between the vestibule entrances, found
Mariette in which the great statue of the king Khafre is currently displayed in the Egyptian Museum, and the vestibule door
Leads to the largest halls of the temple.
And holds the roof of the temple by sixteen columns Jeranatia many of them still in good condition. It is
Known that there were gaps in the floor, tailor-made to install and set up three and twenty royal statue.
It is believed that the processes of washing and embalming of King was held inside the temple, as well as rituals and prayers.

The temple is located in the east of the pyramid, it is clear that it was a wonderful temple made ​​of limestone and covered with blocks of

Of granite covering the walls and ceiling and the earth, leading to the entrance lobby and then to the tiles. Temple Valley:

Entrance vestibule leads to a hall and then to the T-containing 16 columns of granite rising

About four meters. The hall was paved. Walls with 23 planned statue of Khafre

   

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King Khufu

Khufu was the second kings of the Fourth Dynasty in ancient Egypt. Came to power after the death of his father Sneferu. Under the name (Khanm scared me) any (god Khnum who protect me). From the village (banned Cheops) any (wet-nurse of Cheops), the town of Beni Hassan now. Sent missions to the Valley of the cave to bring Turquoise. Where he found his name and image represents an airing at the head of a pin person fighting. A statue of him and only found in the Abydos of ivory, carved his name on the throne, and the length of the statue of five centimeters, and is now in the Egyptian Museum, according to the rule of Papyrus (Turin) is about twenty-three years. In the custody of the children of the Great Pyramid at Giza, and was the largest stone building in the world at this time, will be called (the sister of Cheops), the sense of the horizon of Khufu was built in 2650 BC. M. The rulers of the Old Narmer · Mina · Djoser · Bent · Cheops · Khafre · of Kao Ra · Pepi II
The rulers of the Middle Kingdom Amenemhat Mentouhotپ second · first · Senusret III Amenemhat III · · · Sobek Navarro Seqenenre · Kamose
The rulers of the modern state · Ahmose, Tuthmosis III, Hatshepsut · · · Omnhotپ third Akhenaten Tutankhamun · · · Ramses II Ramses III
The rulers of other nets Kachta · · · Psammetichus I Psammetichus III · I · Shoshenq Bankhi · · Thariqh Babash
Queens Taata Shri · Ahmose - Ahmose Nefertari · · T · Nefertiti · Ankh age پa Nefertari Aten · · · Zulekha Oah Hotep
Court officials Amhotپ · color · Ahmose son Father · I · die · Yuya · Maya · Leonie · Maniton · پothinos · Haman the Great Pyramid or the Pyramid of Cheops is the most effects of the world's most controversial and imagination, and the only one of the Seven Wonders of the rest to now, promoted by many around him a lot of myths and stories, Vohaa Some inhabitants of the continent of Atlantis lost were the builders of the pyramids, and I suppose others that Amaliqa of the ground they went up to build this pyramid, and others claim that the pyramid was built by magic, or that the aliens came down from space and built by, and much much more of novels, which indicated the extent of excitement and mystery of this huge building architect.
The building of the pyramid of King Khufu shift civilized largest in the history of ancient Egypt, have been affected by Khnum Khouphou "Cheops," his father, King Sneferu in building the pyramid, after his death, he became Cheops god Horus, and it became necessary to think of building his tomb, which is the national project first in Egypt old.
Naming the largest pyramid:
Prince Ham Oyono is the architect of King Cheops, has sent students and scientists to the City Online to choose a name for the pyramid, and that was the name is: Acht any horizon of Khufu Cheops. This is the horizon of God Ra Sistql boats to sail by the sun and the stars paddling him, and kill the evil spirits Bmjadifaa Livni Fikdsh evil people. And King Khufu was the first king is the god Ra himself on the ground

 
Predynastic kings: -

Early Dynastic period or Archaic period in the period between 3100 BC. M to 2686 BC. M, where the kings of the two families include first and second and considered the founder of the family is the first King Menes, who united the two countries called the founder of the family, either the second Vhulfron Hotep Smkhory blame and the most important of these two families were:

Dynasty Aalawly

Early Dynastic period or Archaic period in the period between 3100 BC. M to 2890 BC. M and its founder
Mina, who called the two countries unified.

Nrmer: Nrmer (MENA) (us) (reconstruct or Narmer or Aha Poplar "Horus")
King Narmer is believed that the first kings of the First Dynasty.
Famous pharaoh Mina "Narmer" King Altini that the consolidation of a country the northern and southern Egypt, in about three thousand BC. M., Who led the people of the south to invade the Delta in about three thousand BC.
He founded the pharaoh Mina "Narmer" the capital of the country as the "Aenb Hdj" means white wall or white fort, which was later called Bmnf. Nrmer (Mena
 Aja: ....................
Pharaoh drag: a pharaoh of the First Dynasty Abydos
Jet (and allergic) (and fictional naive): ..................
And Damon (Den - attributes): ...............
Adj Abe (Anzab) (Ip pbuh): ................
Snmo (Smrecht): ....................
Qa (bottoming): .........................
Prince Ra hotep: believed to be the sons of Ra hotep Bent, and brothers of King Khufu. He was carrying a large Khane titles of Ra at Heliopolis, and Commander of the Army, and President of Construction.


Second Dynasty



In the period between 2890 BC. M to 2686 BC. M, and its founder Pharaoh Hotep Smkhory
These kings hotep: .................
Neb Ra: ...................
Winter Nie prose Khatt: ............
Or Ng (Awad alliteration) Long: ..............
Cindy Sndj: .........
Brib age (Nefer Ka Ra): ............
Encourages Five of Five of Kha: ................
These kings Kha: ............
Dja Dja: ...............
The kings of the old state: -
In the period between 2686 BC. M to 2181 BC. Include m, where the kings of the family of T. Alasira third to sixth and most important family blame this period were:


The third family



In the period between 2686 BC. M to 2613 BC. M, founder Pharaoh Ntrecht
Zoser: Djoser, scattering khet (the body of the god) took the title of the sense of the sacred bridgeThe rule of about 19 to 29 yearsPharaoh Zoser Banny Pyramid at Saqqara. Of the most famous kings of the Third Dynasty, which ruled Egypt in the Old Kingdom is the most important work: -*** Is the one who ordered the construction of the pyramid of Saqqara, by the genius architect Imhotep. This was the first large stone building in the history of architecture in the human world.Djoser ruled for 29 years '2640 BC. M to 2611 BC. M 'while the little papyrus' Torben 'that his reign lasted only 19 years '2630 BC. M to 2611 BC. M'.* The establishment of his rule marked the Egyptian calendar, by the priests of Ra at Heliopolis.
Sankht (Neb Ka): ..................
King Bridge (khet prose): ................
Sekhemkhet: ..................
Nfrcka Kha Ba: .................
Ho (Hony): ..................

Fourth Dynasty


The period between 2613 BC. M to 2494 BC. M, and this era marked Bibnah Al-Ahram, the family, which continued to a third family, in Fastmrt take "Memphis" the capital of the country, as her days were days of peace and prosperity.
Bent:2575 to 2551 BC. Rule m 24 years old, Pharaoh Snefru the founder of the Fourth Dynasty of the Old.The most important of his works send naval fleet to Phoenicia on the coast of the Levant (Lebanon now) to bring cedar wood for use in shipbuilding and the work of the doors of the palaces. Built "Bent" himself Hermine to "Dahshur" South "Sakkara", also worked to secure the borders of Egypt and South East
Cheops: Cheops "Khnum Khufu" Ciobs was Breasted has written more than 50 years it is believed that Juvo was a leader of the territory of Minya has based his conclusion that there was his name "prevented Cheops" Any educator Juvo, but landed his theory has proven to be scientists effects that "prevented the Cheops" is not only a loss, which he inherited from his father Sneferu and Khufu was called and prevented her name to the "GTI of Cheops"Archaeologists then proved beyond any doubt that one of the sons of Khufu is the Bent of his first wife Queen "Hetepheres" Banny is the Great Pyramid of Giza and the rule of King Cheops Egypt for about twenty-three years from 2574 until 2550 BC. M.
Ddf - Re / canoe - Re: 2528 to 2520 BC. M the rule of 8 years
F-Kha Ra / Khafre / Khvrn: 2520 to 2494 BC. Ra m F / Khafre / Khvrn His name means "manifestation, such as Ra"Rule of 25 to 29 yearsMentions that Manetho of the rule of six and twenty yearsAnd King Khafre is the fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty pharaohs who ruled Egypt in the Old Kingdom, the son of King Khufu. He was married to Princess Ankh berths.
F-Ba-Re: 2494 to 2490 BC. M rule from 1 to 5 years
Menkaure: Menkaure Pharaoh 2490 to 2472 BC. M.Ra took Mancao ruled Egypt after his father, Khafre, and although it was long his sentence between 21 to 28 years but could not finish the pyramid, which will be the final resting place, and the end to build his pyramid pyramid enough, who ruled Egypt after the death of Menkaure.
Hbskaf: 2472 to 2467 BC. M rule 4 years
Put to music as Kao: 2467 to 2465 BC. Two m rule


Fifth Dynasty


In the period between 2494 BC. M to 2345 BC. M.
Enough USSR: USSR enough (Air Maat) 2465 to 2458 BC. M Userkaf Pharaoh, the first king of the Fifth Dynasty, and most important work:* The construction of his pyramid at SaqqaraThe funerary temple *** in Saqqara, decorated with wonderful.* Temple was built dedicated to the sun god Ra.*** Established the first connection region of the Aegean Sea. He also served followed him from the kings of the consolidation of Oasr relationship with them. Have been found on a stone vase inscribed funerary temple of the Greek island "Qithira."
Saho Ra: Ra Saho 2458 to 2446 BC. M.Pharaoh Sahora is the second pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, which ruled Egypt, and his works: -*** Show scenes painted on the walls of the Temple of the Sun at Abusir, he sent the campaign to free the city of Byblos in Lebanon.*** Military campaign sent mostly to fight the Libyans.And *** the Palermo stone, and pictures of the solar temple walls, confirming that it is likely to be sent to a military campaign to Puntland, Somalia, to bring its resources.Open *** Sahora turquoise mines extracting stone from the mines of Sinai*** The Alderoyt exploiting quarries in Abu Sir.*** Pyramid built in the area of ​​Abusir and was buried inside the pyramid Sahora.Established *** funerary temple of pharaoh Sahora at Abusir.Sixth DynastyIn the period between 2354 BC. M to 2181 BC. M.The kings of the first transitional period: -Family include seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth in the period between 2181 BC. AD to 2040 BC. M.
The kings of the Middle Kingdom: -Include the Eleventh Dynasty and the Twelfth Dynasty, Eleventh Dynasty in the period between 2040 BC. AD to 1991 BC. M and the Twelfth Dynasty in the period between 1991 BC. AD to 1780 BC. M.

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Zoser

Zoser

Zoser, Khatt prose, which means the body of the god, took the title of the sense of the sacred bridge. (2686 BC. AD - 2600 BC. M). Pharaoh is the second in the Third Dynasty pharaoh, at the beginning of the old state, his name appeared in the Turin Papyrus red, distinguished him from the rest of the kings of the Old Kingdom. The Step Pyramid of Djoser, who is architect Imhotep built the first large stone building in history.

His reign

Said of Pharaonic Mantho Manetho that Djoser ruled for 29 years (2640 BC. M --2 611 BC)., While little Papyrus Turin that his rule extended only 19 years (2630 BC. M --2 611 BC)., But many historians both cases, recall that extended period of wisdom for 29 years because of the large construction work carried out. Thus, the difference in years between the two figures could mean that the pharaoh Zoser is the same as the first in the Third Dynasty.
And has a pattern in the islands of Aswan, lists the events of the famine that occurred during his reign because of the lack of flooding of the Nile, where he presented Zoser offerings to the god Khnum waterfall. And in which he stated the following:

        My heart was in distress because of a painful, because the Nile did not lead to seven years. Grains were not abundant, dried seeds, everything was owned by the individual to eat quantities was pathetic, every person deprived harvest. A person can not walk more; older hearts were sad and bent their legs when they sat on the ground, and hid their hands away. Served until they go temples, the temples were closed and shelters were covered with dust. In short, everything in the presence of injured
Comes the reply from the engraving by Khnum:

        I will make the Nile rise for you. There will be no more years when the inundation fails to cover any area of ​​land. Storiq flowers, and stems bend under the weight of pollen
The King Djoser of the most powerful kings who ruled Egypt and the title of architect built his pyramid outfit several titles Mnhanazer Palace B and T Kharen Swokdsuh Greeks and they saw the God of medicine and healing due to the strength of his knowledge in medicine

His achievements
Zoser was taken from his capital of Memphis
     The extraction of copper and turquoise from the Sinai, which the security of his great wealth enabled him to carry out large construction.
     Expanded his state in the south after the extension of its influence on the Nubians and extending the country's borders beyond the first cataract.


Pyramid of Djoser == ==
Pyramid of Saqqara

Pyramid of Saqqara by Zoser build it on the distance of a mile from the cliff Saqqara to distance himself from the rest of the graves, and supervised the construction and vizier Imhotep, the pyramid consists of six terraces are not equal and at an altitude of 62 meters and coated stone Jerry White, The inside consists of a network of corridors and corridors, and the room burial of the king were built of granite and marble.

    
His statue

This statue, found in a room is narrow and known as the basement, located northeast of the group funeral of King Djoser at Saqqara, and this statue is the oldest known sculpture road in Egypt, representing King Djoser sitting on the throne, has covered his body robe festive and the statue was entirely coated with white plaster and color, and sunken eyes were once inlaid, The king wears a black wig surmounted by a royal headdress known as the mongoose, as well as ceremonial false beard.

The inscription front surface of the base with hieroglyphic text accurately pronounce the names and titles of King of Upper and Lower Egypt, a prose Khatt.


Dimensions of the statue
Figure               cm
Width       45.3 cm
Length       95.5 cm
Height       144 cm

 

  

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