Ahmose I

Ahmose I

Origin Is the son of King Ahmose Seqenenre Taa I and Queen Ahhotep, and brother of King Kamose, the last king of the family of seventeen. In the age of ten took Ahmose whose name means any Moon Born: Crescent. Rule after the death of his father and the death of his brother in the war against the Hyksos. Upon taking power took the royal name Neb - Bhetti - Re.

The expulsion of the Hyksos

Seqenenre was the first to attack the Hyksos began to fight against them and their exodus from Egypt and was killed in one of his battles with the Hyksos and then completed his son Kamose war level until cleared of the Hyksos, and Ahmose expelled the Hyksos out of the country. Was Ahmose his armies when he was about 19 years and used some modern weapons such as chariots and joined the Army a lot of people good and he went and his armies to Avaris (Sun Ahadjrahalaa) the capital of the Hyksos, and defeated them there and then in pursuit to Palestine and besieged at Fort Harohen and drew respondents there until the surrender did not appears after the Hyksos in history, this was about the battle in 1580 BC. m.

 The rule of Ahmose

The Ahmose the development of the Egyptian army was the first to introduce him chariots "used by the Hyksos, a reason to overcome Hyksos on Egypt" and was pulled by horses and developed as well as weapons of war by using arrows equipped with a piece of iron on the stock and then began to fight the Hyksos from Upper Egypt, and was surrounded by people so he trained efficiently even become warriors are strong and skilled continued to fight the Hyksos from Upper Egypt until he reached the capital of Egypt at that time held by the Hyksos next to the town of Zagazig current remained fights them even fled to the north of the Delta is behind Vsaina then to Palestine and did not return Ahmose but rest assured on Egypt's eastern borders it is safe from them and their attacks after the elimination of them after the expulsion of the Hyksos arrived Ahmose his army to the country of Phoenicia, also attacked the country's shift to recover it back to the Egyptian Kingdom which reached its borders south to the Second Cataract, and photographed campaigns Ahmose in the tomb of two of its soldiers are Ahmose son father and Ahmose bin Nekhbet
After the end of Ahmose from wars to expel the enemy and secure the borders of Egypt drew his attention to domestic affairs, which was ruined during the Hyksos occupation, parties concerned the tax system and reopen the trade routes and fix canals and irrigation system.
He also rebuilt the temples which crashed and was taken from Thebes as his capital, and was the god Amun is the official in his time.
Ahmose and continued to rule for a quarter century and died at the age of almost 35 years
.   

Family of Ahmose
Of married Ahmose Ahmose - Nefertari, who became the first wife of Amun and his family who bore him three sons one of whom is his successor, Amenhotep I died first and the second at a young age, and four daughters are Meritamun and SAT Amun and Ahhotep West Kamose.

 Mummy of Ahmose
Believed to be one Mcyprtan Ahmose at Abydos and the temple consists of a slope and cemetery and the remains of funerary pyramid discovered in 1899, and knew that his pyramid in 1902 and the Temple of the pyramid and the other in a good has been looted by thieves.

Has discovered his. In 1881 in the crypt Bahari with the mummies of some of the kings of families eighteenth and nineteenth century and the twenty-first, was identified on his. On June 9 in 1886 by Gaston Maspero, and the length of the Mummy 1.63 cm and her face is relatively small compared with the size of the thorax. 

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Mena (united the two countries)

Mena (united the two countries)

King Menes united the two countries, Pharaoh of the Egyptian family first city of Thebes (Luxor), was able to unite the two countries (the two kingdoms north and south) in about 3200 BC. M, and the title for this great bounty several titles such as (King of the Two Lands, owner eutrofication, eagle south, snake north ). The king is considered the founder of the First Dynasty Mena Pharaonic.

Origin of the name Mina

The name of the enamel in some writings of the ancient Egyptian name (Mini), and then the Egyptians character name to Mina, Mina name and the name of Christian was nicknamed by some of the saints in the past. It is curious that the word (Mini) in ancient Egyptian means "established" or "praises", as though the Egyptians wanted to Abjloa done in his name. Some historians assert that the (Mini) and the title of act or not a name. The language in the Coptic (Egyptian) Mena very name has many synonyms including (fixed or firm or McCain, or a 
 permanent or lasting) Mina Mina is derived from the verb meaning to establish or founder

Generation White Castle wall  

Think of King Menes in the selection of position can be judged, including Egypt, so he creates castle surrounded by a fence and white he called (from - people) is concerned with beautiful harbor, which became the capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, and then he called the Greeks, then Memphis, then called the Arabs when you open Egypt of Memphis.

Aha Poplar

Poplar is the name of King Aha, who succeeded King Mena. It belongs to the list of Horus name of the property titles. And the meaning of Poplar Aha is "Poplar, who is fighting," called by name Houri, relative to the god of Poplar, which is written in marker Aserkh - which means the interface palace and used later in the sense of minors (stated as conveyed Hebrews of the Arabs) - and is also called by name caustic relative to the Ka. One of the oldest names, and was used in the pre-dynastic kings. It is considered the king incarnation of the god Horus ground the most important god in the life of the Egyptians.

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Nefertiti

Nefertiti

Queen Nefertiti means "beautiful come," the wife of King Amenhotep IV (who later became Akhenaten) Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh famous, and protectors of Tutankhamun.

Assets
Assets of Queen Nefertiti are uncertain and is believed to be his son any army commander and Mredatha was the wife of the minister any that is likely to be a brother of Queen Tiye, was called in many times, "Abu God" and this suggests that maybe his father was by virtue of his marriage to his mother, and every case of any did not mention at all about himself as Abu Nefertiti. Although there are references to indicate that the image of the sister of Nefertiti's death Notgmt Mutnojme decree, and decorated the tomb of Ay.  

Its role as a wife

Participated Queen Nefertiti her husband to worship the new religion is the worship of Aten power of the sun and she and her husband, the mediator between the people and Aten, and is supposed to give the blessed whole only when united royal couple, and the Nefertiti during the early years of the rule of her husband, changed its name in accordance with the change doctrine to Nfrnfraton Nefertiti, which means Aten shine as beautiful may come from.
Remember Nefertiti statue mid to face the photographer and carved on a piece of limestone in one of the finest pieces of art from ancient times the most famous drawing of Queen Nefertiti, was found Egyptologist German Udwiگ Borchardt on December 6, 1912 Porsche sculptor Thutmose at Tel el-Amarna.
Borchardt statue escaped the full (non-scarified) to his home in the neighborhood of Zamalek, Cairo, and from there he fled to Germany is hidden within the broken pottery pieces is of value, sent to Berlin for restoration.
There is another statue of the head of Nefertiti from the Egyptian Museum quartzite red and decorated with touches of ink which is not less than the accuracy of manufacture from the head in Berlin, but less well known.Akhenaten and Nefertiti and sons
The titles of Royal Wife Nefertiti great property, has given birth to Akhenaten, Nefertiti from six of the girls:

    Merritt Aten was born in Thebes before moving on to the sister of furnace
    LIB Aten
    The Ba Ankhs Aten and who is married to Tutankhamun
    Nfrnfro Aten indicative
    Nfrnfro Ra
    The Step Ra  

The end of her life

 After the twelfth year of the rule of Akhenaten, Nefertiti disappeared There was no mention of them and thought they died and is buried in a cemetery Bakhittatun It is also believed that Tutankhamun transfer her mummy with his father, Akhenaten's sister when they abandoned the furnace.

  

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Cleopatra

Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) (January 69 BC. AD - 30 BC), Queen of Egypt, famous in the history of drama and its relationship Pulios Caesar and Antony and the mother of Ptolemy XV (Caesarion).

Became queen upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, in the year 51 BC and ruled successively with two brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV (.., 67) and her son Ptolemy XV Caesarion after the victory of the armies of the Roman Octavian (Emperor Augustus's new later) on its common , Cleopatra committed suicide, as did Anthony, and Egypt signed under the control of the Romans.

Her life and the rule
I was born the year 69 BC, described as Cleopatra actively influenced the Romanian policy in the critical period, as has been described as came to represent, nor do any other woman of antiquity, the first model for the romantic woman seductress.
Is the daughter of King Ptolemy XII "Olitis," and had as much to Cleopatra to become the last queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and annexed to Rome in 30 BC.
The foundations of Ptolemy dynasty officer Alexander, King Ptolemy, who became the first ruler of Egypt. Cleopatra was of the Ptolemaic dynasty, for political reasons, it launched itself the title of "the new Isis," a title for characterizing Cleobatraaiih Queen, which she also claimed the living embodiment of the goddess Isis.
When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the throne has passed to his young son, Ptolemy XIII, and his daughter Cleopatra VII.
It is known that Cleopatra, the daughter of the 18-year-older brother was about eight years, becoming the dominant ruling. Evidence suggests that the first decree in which the name Ptolemy Cleopatra was never in October the year 50 BC.
Cleopatra realized that she needed to support the Romans, or more specifically to support Caesar, if it had restored the throne.

Cleopatra and Julius CaesarSculpture of Queen Cleopatra and her son Caesarion at the temple of Dendera
Historians say that both Cleopatra and Caesar in order to use the other, Fiqisr sought money to pay the debt incurred from the father of Cleopatra Aolitis, in order to retain the throne. While Cleopatra was determined to keep her throne, and if possible, restore the glories of the early Ptolemies and recover the maximum amount of grip, which included Syria, Palestine and Cyprus. And strengthened the bonds of relationship between them and bore him a child after his death Ptolemy called Caesar or Ptolemy XV (and called out the name of Caesarion Alaxanderaon Kaisarion).Composition of the Army and face to her brother
Signed King Ptolemy XIII under the influence of his advisers who worked on the dimensions of Cleopatra and her expulsion from Alexandria to the private power, resorted to the east of Egypt and was able to recruit an army of Bedouins to restore its position. Upon arrival at Beloziom (Port Said now) where he was addressed by the Army, her brother, and the ship arrived at the Roman Pompey (Pompeius) Following his defeat at the Battle of Ersalos (48 BC)., What was the guardians of the king, but the masterminds of his murder, and gave his head to the Commander Victor Julius Caesar, who arrived in Alexandria on October 2 in 48 BC. m. Has succeeded Cleopatra to penetrate the ranks of their opponents after he tried to her brother Ptolemy XIII closer to Kaiser, where he found an opportunity to declare his allegiance full, and the work as much energy on cajoled and to draw closer to him, Thus began the historical relationship between Caesar and Cleopatra in the royal palace, he decided to stand by its side and back to the throne of Egypt. But the guardians of her brother instigated the masses of Alexandria against Cleopatra, and the advance of the army loyal to them and surrounded Caesar and Cleopatra in the royal palace, began a war of Alexandria settled by Julius Caesar in early 47 BC., After that it relates to Alnjaddat and ended the killing of King Ptolemy XIII and his associates, and took Cleopatra's throne of Egypt with her younger brother Ptolemy XIV and Caesar remained on its side three months.

   

Cleopatra and Mark AntonyMap of lands and territories which as a result give wisdom Alexandria by Mark Antony to Kliopatrao her children in the year 34 BC. M. ..
After the assassination of Caesar in Rome that divided the Kingdom among the greatest commanders Actavios and Antonius Vorteuractavios that includes Egypt to the Empire Romanian, but he had a lot of consequences, and most Antony "Marc Anthony" who wanted to be alone by virtue of the imperial Romanian, and then I thought of Cleopatra that become the wife of Marcus Antonius, who faces one day the empire of Romania., where he was Marc Anthony to Egypt and came to him Cleopatra's hidden fear of revolutions of the Egyptians against it and was Mokhtboh in a carpet and left it in front of Anthony as a bride the sea is at its best and signed Anthony in love with her
Marc Anthony was married to a sister Octavia Octavius ​​(August) and to prevent the Romans to marry non-Roman, there is a problem here relates to Pkliopatra and became an ally instead of Egypt that includes the Empire of Romania. And that was the cause of enmity between August and Anthony because the Octavia was the sister of August, the division of the empire ROMANIAN to the east and west, and the East, including Egypt went to Antonius, and was a natural to become Cleopatra under the authority of the new Anthony, Feltharabh weapon of love and beauty, and did not wait until comes to in Alexandria, but sailed on board the ship Pharaonic gold luxurious Egyptian beaches, and Anthony had been sent in the request in 41 BC., when arrived to the city of Tarsus in Cilicia, to Ahasabha on its AC and non-support for the supporters of Julius Caesar.
I was impressed by Cleopatra Bantonius not only to its shape, where he was handsome (according to historians), but also for his intelligence because all expectations at this time was confirmed win Antonius, then prepared Antonios an army of powerful armies and followed Cleopatra's army closely followed the war plan.Battle of Actium
Was the battle of Actium marine interval west of Greece in 31 BC. M and decided the fate of the war. Lost Antonios many of his ships in his attempt to break the siege, which struck around him, and accelerated events and worked Cleopatra everything in its power to avoid the disaster after the arrival of news of the defeat to Egypt, and the Anthony desperate attempt to counter the forces Octavjnos, Caesar Rome's new, which reached the outskirts of Alexandria in the summer of 30 BC. m, which is found in Anthony obstacle to the lead at the verdict but his efforts went in vain, and when reached by the news of the death of Cleopatra false preferred death to life.

 

Suicide rather than families
Days at the dawn of a mid-August, 30 BC. M ft a Khaddam Queen Cleopatra Snake Cobra ((likely it's Cobra Egyptian)) and the way she committed suicide after hearing the defeat of her husband, Roman leader Marc Antony in the war, the cobra poison had been the slogan of ownership in the Ptolemaic period above the heads! Kings, the two snakes if Jazz us to believe the words of the Roman poets Virgil and Horace and Propertius Brobbertios some historians have stated that the left shoulder is the property that received the first fatal sting and others said that Cleopatra left naked breast. Committed suicide of Cleopatra in the state of despair these that put Viper on her chest and was invading the new Octavius ​​Caesar hoped to move the queen, who ruled Egypt in triumph in Rome, but soon I see her body and head for the organization of the government, declared annexed Egypt to the Sultan of the Romanian people, came the announcement in a short sentence so do not include more than five words. After the death of Cleopatra, the Romans killed her son Caesarion, fearing that calls for the Romanian empire heir of Julius Caesar and his heir. Cleopatra VII was filmed on the currency displayed in the Museum of Alexandria tells the story of Cleopatra, which inspired poets and writers stories. The substance of the play (Antonio and Cleopatra) of William Shakespeare and a play (everything for love) 1977 to John Dryden and a play (Caesar and Cleopatra), George Bernard Shaw and a glossary of poetic suicide of Cleopatra in the poet Ahmed Shawqi. Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemies in Egypt, has surpassed her predecessors in intelligence, prudence and ambition. Cleopatra and climbed onto the throne and ruled Egypt for twenty years (from year 51 to year 30 BC. M). Cleopatra's image appeared in the currency of ancient Egyptian woman with a gorgeous sorties lively eyes and thin mouth Savitan. Cleopatra prominent in the history of one of Nefertiti and Semiramis and Scheherazade.
Denied the story of the snake bite suicide
Denied by Professor Christoph Schaefer ((Professor of History at the University of Trier, West Germany)) and the fact the death of Cleopatra bite snake cobra and most likely she died to drink a combination or cocktail of drugs was based on what he went to the bite of the snake was presented Cleopatra to severe pain and severe, long before death next to the mutilation which was going to get hit a woman is very beautiful and dignified beauty

 

 

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Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut

The original name of Hatshepsut is: Amun Hatshepsut and captured a means: Amon favorite concubine or mistress ladies Princesses Dora Amon. She is the daughter of King Thutmose I and wife and the wife of Tuthmosis II, Tuthmosis III, where the father fathered Tuthmosis II, Tuthmosis III, one of the royal concubines.Statue of limestone tempered to Hatshepsut in the Metropolitan Museum. The statue was produced without the traditional false beard, but it keeps the rest of the symbols of pharaonic power; living property - obviously removed - Alkhat robe and head.
Queen Hatshepsut Maat Ka Ra (--1 482 BC. M.) A month in the history of Queens, and the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, and ruled of 1503 s. M. Until 1482 BC. M. And marked by force and outdated building and trips made by. The eldest daughter of the Pharaoh of Egypt, King Thutmose I, her mother Queen Ahmose was the father the king had fathered a son illegal is Tuthmosis II has been accepted to marry him the habit of royal families to participate together in power after his death, and that a solution to the problem of the existence of the heir to legitimate it.
This queen left the enigmatic many secrets and may be more of those puzzles raise the character "die" that the engineer who built a temple famous Deir el-Bahari, which gave him 80 for titles and was responsible for the care of her only daughter has reached from his love for Mlicth to dig a tunnel between the cemetery and the tomb. If the hints came historians to indicate the presence of love may die, and collected Monday Queen Hatshepsut and the servant, they also have participated in the "legendary life" and ended each end of the mysterious remains a mystery until now

Judgment

Known rule of Hatshepsut in peace and prosperity where she was trying its utmost for the development of relations, especially trade with the countries of the old Orient to prevent any wars with them.

Taking office
Dgsr Dgsro is the main building in the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut in the complex Deir el-Bahari. Designed die, as an example of the full symmetry that precedes Alپarthynon thousand years.

Hatshepsut faced many problems at the beginning of its rule because its rule from behind the scenes without the form of an official and some people say that they had killed her husband and her brother, King Tuthmosis II to seize power but there is no sufficient evidence. On the other hand experience problems with the people where he could see she is a woman most people can not govern the country, as it was the king according to custom, a representative of the god Horus ruling on the ground. So it was always wearing clothes festooned with men, and she is the daughter of Amon rumored to convince people that they can rule. At the same time was the heir legitimate Thutmose III was still a boy and could not care for the interests of the country. Hatshepsut worked on the rule of the country to grow up, grow up and took into account that Tuthmosis III, military education so that it can take the reins of power later. Hatshepsut active trade with neighbors Egypt, where the trade was in poor condition, especially in the reign of King Tuthmosis II, and ordered the construction of several facilities, the Temple of Karnak, also established her temple in Deir el-Bahari in Luxor, outdated and was characterized by peace and prosperity

Missions to neighboring countries
Focused on Hatshepsut's fleet Egyptian trade and established large vessels and exploited in the inland transport for the transfer of obelisks, which ordered added to the Temple of Karnak in praise of the god Amun, or send ships on missions of trade with its neighbors, and was characterized by outdated welfare in Egypt and the Peace, and increased demand for materials leisure brought about by the merchant fleets of neighboring countries, and most important of incense, perfumes, spices, plants and tropical trees and wild animals and skins.Statues of Osiris Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari in Luxor - the West.Hatshepsut Temple of Horus in the form of Luxor.
Mission of the Atlantic: Queen Hatshepsut sent a large fleet to the Atlantic Ocean and the trade flourished with the Atlantic Ocean to import some types of rare fish.
Mission Puntland: Posted Queen Hatshepsut's trade mission on board the large ships based navigation in the Red Sea laden with gifts and goods Egyptian, such as papyrus and linen to Puntland (Somalia now), Fastqubl king of Pont mission well-received, and returned laden with large quantities of predators, wood and incense , ebony, ivory, leather and precious stones. And portrayed Queen Hatshepsut news that mission on the walls of the Temple of Deir el-Bahri on the west bank of the Nile Andaloqsr. And still the colors that adorn this temple Zahera graphics and retain Brongaha and beauty to a great extent.
Mission Aswan also depicted on the walls of the Temple of Deir el-Bahari of Hatshepsut mission to describe granite quarries at Aswan to bring the huge stones of the installations. The establishment of two great Mslten of Aswan granite in praise of the god Amun of each of about 35 tons, was then transferred to the Nile to Thebes and took their places in Almseltan Karnak Temple in Luxor. When visiting Napoleon during the French campaign on Egypt in 1879 is one of the Almslten transfer to France, which until now adorn the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France.
And admired historians and engineers to this day the Egyptians the ability to transfer that Almslten from Aswan to Luxor. The process of loading Almslten then transferred to ships on the Nile and Anzalhma on the mainland, then transferred to a place on the ground they build is not easy at all. And over it is also the construction of Almseltan in the place chosen for them exactly in front of the edifice built by Queen Hatshepsut, Karnak Temple a few meters away from the edifice. Engineers are still so far put their theories of the way followed by the ancient Egyptian architect to do the hard work. Not only that, has issued orders the establishment of Hatshepsut Obelisk Obelisk is the largest in the history of mankind is composed of a single piece of stone weighs over 1000 tons to put the temple of Karnak, the engineers left the ancient Egyptians, after they discovered a crack in which preclude their use. And is currently visiting tourists from around the world to see the marvel that incomplete processing obelisk in the quarry of Aswan. And ask themselves: how the ancient Egyptians wanted to move this giant obelisk to the Temple of Karnak? It describes a German Egyptologists stone cutting methods that the ancient Egyptians were dealing with the stone as if it were butter, and actually can be seen in the quarry of Aswan and is now called (incomplete obelisk) •

  
Hatshepsut in popular culture

Of the most famous queens who Tulin ruled Egypt and is one of the beautiful, and Hatshepsut is the first of wearing gloves and in the presence of birth defect fingers (6 digits or more in one hand) did not people know about it until after seeing her mummy In most of the statues that made her Her hands seem Tabieitin it sculptors were ordered so, also is the first of gloves embroidered with precious stones

  

Military campaigns

Military campaign and the one recorded for the reign of Hatshepsut, Tuthmosis III and the seizure of Gaza, and that was near the end of its rule. And some manuscripts, such as a manuscript found in a cemetery Snnmot (Senenmut (TT71 disclose disciplinary campaigns in Nubia and some other countries which were under the authority of Egypt.

     Disciplinary campaign to Nubia at the beginning of its rule, and carried out by Hatshepsut. Stated in the manuscript to the President of the Treasury Timi Tij,
     Disciplinary campaign against Syria and Palestine, according to a manuscript in the Deir el-Bahari, plus a campaign against a rebellion in Nubia.
     Punitive campaign in the year 12 of its judgment (stated in writing in Tanjur - West Tangur-West), and remember the first date for the participation of Tuthmosis III in power with Hatshepsut.)
     Campaign against a rebellion in Nubia in the year 20 of its judgment (written on the board Tombos Tombos.)
     Campaign disciplinary Mau Mau near the band Firka between 20 and 22 years of its rule.

 

 

Her death

Hatshepsut died in 10 of the second month of autumn (approved January 14, 1457 BC) during the year 22 of the judgment. This came in the writing on the board and found Barment. And much of the ancient Egyptian Manetho Manetho her term of 21 years and nine months. He thought they had killed in the past because of the conflict on the judgment, but now has been verified from the mummy of Hatshepsut which is clearly showing signs of natural death, and that the cause of her death was due to being struck with cancer or diabetes. And her grave is in the Valley of the Kings and is symbolized by the number KV20. And perhaps the tomb of Hatshepsut expanded for use by her father, and the coffin is found next to her father's coffin.

 

 

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Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun was a pharaoh of the Egyptian family eighteen years in the history of ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh of Egypt of 1334 BC to 1325. M. In the era of the modern state. Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaohs, for reasons not related to the achievements made or won the wars, as is the case with many of the Pharaohs; but for other reasons are considered important from a historical perspective and is most notably the discovery of his tomb and treasures in full without any damage. The mystery surrounding the circumstances of his death was considered that many of the death of Pharaoh at a very early age is not normal, especially with the presence of traces of fractures of the thigh bone and skull, and the marriage of his minister from his widow after his death and the inauguration of Pharaoh himself. All of these mysterious events, and heavy usage of the myth of the curse of the pharaohs associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun that were used in movies and video games have made Tutankhamen months Pharaohs of the mysteries and questions not answer them some considered one of the oldest assassinations in the history of humanity. [1] Tutankhamun at the age of 9 years old when he became Pharaoh of Egypt and the ancient Egyptian language his name means "the living image of the god Amun", a large ancient Egyptian gods. Tutankhamun lived in a transitional period in the history of ancient Egypt, where he came from after Akhenaten, who tried to unite the gods of ancient Egypt in the form of God, the One. It was in his return to the worship of multiple gods of ancient Egypt. His grave was discovered in 1922 in the Valley of the Kings by British archaeologist Howard Carter. This discovery and the latest media buzz and widespread in the world.

Assets
The origins of Tutankhamun's grandfather King Omnhotپ third begotten of major his wives Queen Tiye his son Amenhotep IV, known as Akhenaten, married Akhenaten, Queen Nefertiti and his wife was the main addition to the secondary wife named Kiya; and which is probably the mother of Tutankhamun, has announced Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt in the month of April in 2010 that, based on DNA tests, known for short as (in English: DNA) show that Tutankhamun was the son of King Akhenaten.
Tutankhamun became king of Egypt as a child after the death of his brother Smonkh Ka Ra, He married Ankh Amon Essen.
Ang Amon Tut died in mysterious circumstances and unknown, and to govern after the former minister who married Ai of Essen Ankh Amun Tutankhamun's widow.

His reign
During the reign of Tutankhamun began a revolution against the Tel el-Amarna pharaoh Akhenaten, who previously moved the capital from Thebes to his new capital furnace sister queens and try to unify the multiple gods of ancient Egypt, including the god Amun in the form of one god, Aten. In the year 1331 BC. Any m in the third year of the rule of Tutankhamun, who was 11 years and the impact of the Minister Aye lift the ban on the worship of the gods.
There is a belief that the death of Tutankhamun was not for reasons satisfactory, but it may be a result of the assassination of the Minister Khپrkhپro Ra Aye Ptdberha and there is plenty of evidence supplied by the believers in this theory, for example, marriage minister Khپrkhپro Ra Aye of the widow of Tutankhamun where he found the seal of Pharaonic named Ai Ankh Sun Amun widow of Tutankhamun and also there is a letter sent Ankh Essen Amon widow of Tutankhamun to the king of the Hittites ask him to send one of his sons for the purpose of marrying her after the death of her husband and the king of the Hittites to send one of his sons to marry the widow of Tutankhamun Amon but he died before it enters the land of Egypt, and there is a belief that he was assassinated probably masterminded by the Minister Khپrkhپro Ra Aye, who apparently had been planning to seize the throne of Egypt, so he killed King Tutankhamun and the son was killed King of the Hittites, but this hypothesis and there was no conclusive evidence to prove all of these theories .
It is worth mentioning that the historical evidence indicating the presence of two ministers of Tutankhamun, one Aye that was mentioned and the other was named Horemheb There is archaeological evidence confirms that after the death of Tutankhamun received the Minister Aye reins of power for a short period to be replaced by Second Minister Horemheb, who was in his destruction of most of the evidence of the reign of Tutankhamun, Aye and the minister and this confirms to some conspiracy theory and the fact that the death of Tutankhamun from malaria that was prevalent in the south.

 
Causes of death
For a long time was the cause of the death of Tutankhamun, a controversial issue and there were a lot of conspiracy theories that suggest the idea that he was not dead, but was killed in the assassination. On March 8, 2005 and as a result of the use of imaging software Alhariha three-dimensional three-dimensional CT scans on the mummy of Tutankhamun, said archaeologist of Egypt, Zahi Hawass, that there was no evidence that Tutankhamun had been subjected to the assassination and added that the opening in the skull does not belong to reason receiving a blow to the head as it was previously believed, but were the events of this slot after death for the purpose of embalming and the ills of Zahi Hawass, fracture bone in the left thigh, which has long been linked to the theory of assassination as a result of a broken femur he suffered Tutankhamun before his death and may be inflammation resulting from the This break may have caused his death.
Showed the analysis of modern also said that the bone roof oral cavity of Tutankhamun was not complete and the length of the stature of Tutankhamun 170 cm and the length accidental skull larger than the length of natural prompting with some suggestion disease Marfan's syndrome Marfan's syndrome as a cause of premature death and this case genetic transmitted by autosomal dominant genes.
The final report of the Group of archaeologists of Egypt that the cause of death was blood poisoning as a result fracture in the femur in which he was Tutankhamun, which led to Alگanگran Gangrene which is a cell death and tissue degradation as a result secretion of enzymes from the muscles of dead due to lack of oxygen to it through the blood .
Before this report, there have been attempts to determine the cause of death using the X-ray X-rays on the mummy of Tutankhamun at the University of Liverpool and the University of Michigan in 1968 and 1978, respectively, and reached two universities to the discovery of a spot dark under the skull of Tutankhamun from the back, which was interpreted Knsep in brain, leading to the spread of the hypothesis that he had received a blow to the head led to bleeding in the brain and death.
In a study published in March 2010 showed that the cause of death of Tutankhamun is suffering from malaria and complications from a broken leg, the study also pointed to the existence of some genetic diseases caused by inherited genetic disorder in the family.

The discovery of the tomb of TutankhamunValley of the Kings
The so-called Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the River Nile near Thebes for a period of 450 years during the reign of the modern state from the date of the ancient Egyptians, which lasted of 1539 to 1075 BC as a tomb for the pharaoh of this period where there is in this valley rock which has an area of ​​approximately 20,000 square meters 27 royal tombs belonging to three families of the Egyptian family eighteenth and nineteenth Egyptian family and twenty Egyptian family was discovered to this day.
Believed that the Valley has at least another 30 graves had not been discovered yet. Graves discovered in the Valley of the Kings so far and in chronological order for the rule of the pharaohs back to Thutmose I and Omnhotپ II and Tutankhamun and Horemheb are from the Egyptian family of eighteen, Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II and Aminmcis and the City II and Sptah they are from the Egyptian family nineteen and six Nachta, Ramses III and Ramses IV , Ramses V and Ramses IX of the Egyptian family who are twenty. There are other graves of the Pharaohs are still unknown attempts are under way to knowledge.
The construction of the tomb of the pharaoh usually begins after the day of his inauguration Pharaoh of Egypt and the construction takes at most tens of years and the workers were using simple tools such as ax to dig grooves long and the formation of small rooms in the valley and over time there were tombs built over the graves of the other was the construction of tunnels and canyons of new lead mostly to the blockage of corridors leading to the tomb of the pharaoh older, the lack of systematic planning this was the main reason that led to the survival of these treasures and not exposed to the theft of thousands of years.The main shrine of the tomb of Tutankhamun
On November 4, 1922 when he was an archaeologist and specialist in the history of ancient Egypt, the British Howard Carter, the excavations at the entrance to the tunnel leading to the tomb of Ramses VI in the Valley of Kings noticed a cellar large and continued exploration flour to be entered into the room, which includes the tomb of Tutankhamun was on the walls of the room which contains the shrine fees great tell in the form of pictures the story of the departure of Tutankhamun to the world of the dead, and the scene was very good for the world of Howard Carter, who was seen to the room through a hole in his hand a candle and said to his assistant asked, "Can you see anything?" Fjaoppe Carter "Yes, I see great things."
On February 16, 1923 Howard Carter (1874-1939) was the first man since more than 3000 years set foot in the land of his room containing the ark of Tutankhamun. Note Carter and a wooden box with patterns inlaid with gold in the center of the room and when he raised the fund noted that the fund was covering second fund decorated with carvings inlaid with gold and when you lift the second fund noted that the second box was covering a fund Third restaurant with gold and when you raise third fund Carter arrived to the sarcophagus which was covered with a thick layer of stone carved in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun, and when rising to this cover stone Carter to Altabutalzhba principal who was in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun was the golden coffin covered coffins as Gold others in the form of statues of the Pharaoh, the young man. Met with Howard difficulty in lifting the shroud Golden III, who was covering the mummy of Tutankhamun for the mummy consider Carter to put the shroud to the heat of the sun summer Egypt sweltering would be enough to separate the shroud golden mummy, but his attempts failed and was forced at last to cut the shroud golden in half to reach the mummy who was wrapped in layers of silk, after the removal of the shroud is made of cloth found the mummy of Tutankhamun in full finery of necklaces, rings and the crown and sticks and were all of pure gold, to remove these artifacts had excavation team to the separation of the skull and bones of major joints and after the removal of jewelery re-team installation structure bone of the mummy and placed in a wooden coffin.


Show MummyHoldings of the tomb of Tutankhamun
In February 2010 decided to allow the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism introduced the Pharaonic mummy of King Tutankhamun, the young man to the public for the first time since the discovery with her mausoleum in the golden city of Luxor 85 years ago [2].
The director of the Egyptian Antiquities Zahi Hawass as saying that Egyptian scientists began more than two years before the restoration of the mummy of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, which was seriously damaged after graduation for a brief period of the stone coffin when subjected to CT scans [3]. He added that the greater part of the body of the mummy fragmented into 18 pieces look like stones crashed parts when discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter first time, and directed from the grave and tried to remove the gold mask which covered the face of King Tutankhamun and pointed out that the mystery that surrounded Tutankhamun and his tomb Golden raised the curiosity and enthusiasm of the fans since the studies of ancient Egyptian mummy revealed Carter site in the November 4, 1922, and what was in store of the treasures of gold and precious stones.
Scientists had been driven out mummy "Tutankhamun" from the grave and placed them on the table CT advanced to a quarter of an hour in 2005 in order to obtain three-dimensional image of the mummy older than 3000 years. And has excluded the results of medical examination to be young pharaoh had died were killed, but could not determine the precise method of his death which occurred in the year 1323 BC. I discovered that the image of King Tutankhamen suffered a fracture in his left thigh, caused by an accident more likely, led to his later deadly disease can not be determined. It also provided the images in the time an account of an unprecedented about the life of young pharaoh, who is one of the most famous kings of ancient Egypt, of which he was healthy because of good nutrition, despite the relatively transform its structure does not exceed 170 centimeters tall when he died
Attempts to find out the mystery of his death
On 17 February 2010, announced Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Garden news conference, Egyptian Museum, a group of scientific discoveries that solve many of the mysteries of the ends of the Eighteenth Dynasty, including the mystery of the death of Tutankhamun, Fbthalil DNA of the mummy of King Tut The results showed that the cause of death due to malaria parasite, it is likely that complications due to sharply about the disease led to his death, also revealed that DNA analysis and CT scans of the mummy of Tutankhamun, Akhenaten, King is the father of King Tut. The results also revealed that the genetic diseases and genetic played a role in the death of Tutankhamun, where he was suffering from a genetic defect inherited in the family and there was a weakness and illness in these mummies, and problems related to heart and blood vessels. When the researchers conducted a survey of the mummy of Tutankhamun, they found his many diseases such as Bahdodab in his spine, as well as distort the big toe, which led to the atrophy in his left foot.
Hawass said that the old graphics depicting Tutankhamun he fires arrows, while sitting in a horse-drawn cart, and not while standing, which is unusual .. In his grave, we found a 100 stick for walking, at first we thought it represents authority and power, but it turns out she was using crutches old, he was barely able to walk and walk. "
He also explained the senses to the survey computed for the mummy in 2005 was designed to ascertain that he had been killed, because the images previous X-ray revealed a hole in his skull, he said, adding that it shows that this hole was in the process of mummification, but it was discovered breaking in the left leg bone, may have a role in the death of young pharaoh.




Importance of the treasures of Tutankhamun
The importance of a set of King Tutankhamun to many reasons; First, the treasure of King Tutankhamun is the most complete treasure royal was found not unprecedented, as it consists of three hundred and fifty-eight pieces, including the golden mask wonderful and the three coffins in the form of rights, one of pure gold and the other two of gilded wood. Second, that the luggage back to the family of eighteen months and brighter ages of the modern state, where the regions of the country opened up the ancient Near East through military campaigns and trade relations of the export and import of resources and manufactured products and the activity of the people of crafts and artists. Finally; that such an array may have been in Egypt, and shows how grave was the royal equipped and is there luggage everyday life dolls and toys, then a set of furniture complete, tools, and military equipment, and statues of the gods concerning the burial of the king and lead him from the ritual, and with the trumpet of Tutankhamen famous made of silver and another of copper, and all this content now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Fourth, from this treasure, or an array to identify the lot of the life of the king and his love of hunting and its relationship to his wife "Ankh teeth of Amun", which is believed to be his relative, as well as to know the most important work and his entourage, and finally the throne only one who reached us from the civilization of the ancient Egyptians.

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